Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal Ů…ŘŮ…ŘŻ اِقبال
9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher, theorist, and barrister in British India.
Iqbal's father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad, was a descendant of the Supro Brahmins of Kashmir. One of his ancestors converted to Islam during the reign of Ghazi Aurangzeb Alamgir. Iqbal's ancestors migrated from Kashmir to Sialkot in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century and settled in Mohalla Khetian. Sheikh Noor Mohammad's father Sheikh Mohammad Rafiq built a house in Mohalla Khatikan. It seems that Sheikh Noor Muhammad and Iqbal's father's younger brother Sheikh Ghulam Muhammad were born and raised here. After the death of Iqbal's grandfather, Sheikh Noor Mohammad bought a two-storey house and two shops adjoining it. Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877 (according to 3 Zul-Qaeda 1294 AH), in the house of Sheikh Noor Muhammad in Sialkot, British India. His parents named him Muhammad Iqbal. There have been some differences between different historians on the date of Allama's birth, but the government of Pakistan officially recognizes Iqbal's date of birth as November 9, 1877.
Sheikh Noor Muhammad was a religious man. He considered religious education to be enough for his son. Most of the local ulema of Sialkot had friendly ceremonies. When Iqbal reached the age of BISMILLAH, he was taken to Maulana Ghulam Hassan> Maulana Abdul Ghulam Hassan used to teach in the mosque of Mohalla Shawala. From here, Iqbal's education began. discretionally, it started with the Holy Quran. For almost a year, a famous scholar of the city, Maulana Syed Mir Hassan, came here. he saw a child sitting and saw that the first shoe of greatness and happiness was shining from his face. Asked whose child it is. When "Mir" found out, he got up and walked towards Sheikh Noor Muhammad. The two were close acquaintances. Maulana urged not to confine his son to the only madrassa, Modern education is also very important for this. He wished that Iqbal should be given in his training. but when the insistence from the other side increased, Iqbal was handed over to Mir Hassan. His school was in Kocha Mir Hussamuddin near the house of Sheikh Noor Mohammad. from here Iqbal started studying Urdu, Persian, and Arabic literature. Three years have passed. Meanwhile, Syed Mir Hassan also started teaching at the Scotch Mission School. Iqbal also entered there but the old routine remained, Mir Hassan was a great teachers for whom there was only one purpose in life: reading and teaching. But this reading and teaching is not just the name of reading a book. In those good times, the teacher was the mentor. Mir Hassan used to do the same. He was aware of all Islamic sciences and had a good eye on modern sciences. "Mir" also specialized in literature, logic, linguistics and mathematics. When teaching students, he used to adopt literary colors so that knowledge would not be confined to memory but would become a way of feeling. There were thousands of Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Punjabi poems. If a poem had to be opened, twenty synonyms would be recited.
Maulana's teaching activities were very busy but he did not make up his study routine. He was also a memorizer and lover of the Qur'an. Among the students he was called Shah Sahib. He was extremely kind, simple, mature, humble and good-natured. It was a daily routine to go to the graveyard after Fajr prayers and recite Fatiha on the graves of loved ones and friends. When they finished, they would find the students waiting. The way back would be cut short by listening and giving lessons. This process continued even after reaching home, even after walking to school. The students stayed together. Taught in school all day. In the evening he would come home with the students, then the lesson would continue till night. He loved Iqbal very much. He himself was a sacrifice to the teacher. Most of the elements that seem to be the main driving force in the overall formation of Iqbal's personality are the charisma of Shah Sahib's companionship and education. Syed Mir Hassan was a great believer of Sir Syed. Under his influence, Iqbal's love for Sir Syed was created in his heart which remained till the end despite some differences. Mir Hassan's training gave this spirit a scientific and practical direction. Iqbal was also far ahead of his peers in understanding and intelligence. From childhood, he had the same enthusiasm and immersion that is found in adults. But they were not bookworms. When a person becomes addicted to books, he becomes a mere mental being. There is a gap between life and it. He was also fond of sports. They also joked like children. Iqbal's childhood was spent with a natural openness and sincerity. Nature bestowed on him a Sufi father and a learned teacher, which united his heart and mind, uniting their goals. This is what drives Iqbal's rare combination of feeling and thought. The facts which the father's heartfelt blessings had made clear in detail were also revealed in detail by the teacher's teaching. At the age of sixteen, Iqbal passed the matriculation examination. First division came and got medal and stipend.
Intermediate classes had also started at the Scotch Mission School, so Iqbal did not have to go anywhere else for the FA. Stay there. Thus, his suitability for poetry was evident from his childhood. Sometimes he used to adapt himself to poetry, but he was not serious about it, nor did he tell or protect anyone. Write and tear up and throw away. But now poetry was no longer just a hobby for them but a necessity of the soul. At that time, the whole subcontinent was resounding with the name of Dagh. Everyone was acknowledging his miraculous grasp of Urdu language in particular. Iqbal needed a grip. Student application sent in writing which was accepted. But this process of reform did not last long. Dag was a teacher. As many forms of Urdu poetry as there were in United India, the pen of the Dagh was at the forefront in their carving.
Iqbal matriculated on May 6, 1893 and in 1895 Iqbal did his FA and came to Lahore for further studies. Here he enrolled in BA class in Government College and started living in a hostel. Choose English, Philosophy and Arabic subjects for yourself. He studied English and Philosophy in Government College and went to Oriental College to study Arabic where Maulana Faizul Hassan Saharanpuri was such an unparalleled teacher. Until then, Oriental College Lahore was housed in a part of the Government College building and the two colleges continued to co-operate and collaborate on certain subjects.
In 1898, Iqbal passed BA and MA (Philosophy). Professor TW Arnold came here. Who went on to determine the final course of Iqbal's scholarly and intellectual life.
He passed his MA examination in March 1899 and came first in the whole of Punjab. During this time, poetry continued to flow, but did not go to poetry. One evening in November 1899, some sincere classmates dragged him to the house of Hakim Aminuddin for a poetry recital. There was also a crowd of listeners. After completing his MA, Iqbal was appointed McLeod Arabic Reader at Oriental College on May 13, 1899. In the same year, Arnold also became the acting principal of the college. Iqbal stayed at "Oriental College" for about 4years. However, in between, he took a six-month leave and studied English at Government College. He wanted to go to Canada or the United States for higher education, but at Arnold's request he chose England and Germany for that purpose. When Arnold returned to England in 1905, Iqbal felt his distance was immense. The heart said to fly to England. During his four-year teaching career at Oriental College, Iqbal summarized and translated Stubbs' "Early Pleasants" and Walker's "Political Economy" into Urdu. He wrote a short book in Urdu called "Economics" which was published in 1904. This is one of the first books on its subject in Urdu.
After completing his tenure as an Arabic reader at Oriental College, he was appointed Assistant Professor of English at Iqbal Government College in 1903. Later he went into the field of philosophy. He continued teaching there until on October 1, 1905, he took a three-year leave to go to Europe. On December 25, 1905, Allama Iqbal went to England for higher studies and enrolled at Cambridge University Trinity College. Since he was hired as a research scholar in college, he was not required to stay in a hostel like normal students. Arranged accommodation outside the college. Just over a month after coming here, Lincoln joined the bar for barrister. And guidance from distinguished teachers such as Professor Brown. He later moved to Germany, where he earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Munich. Iqbal came to Lahore in August 1908. A month and a half later, the Chief Court started practicing law in Punjab. A few days had passed in this profession that M. A. O College Aligarh offered a professor of philosophy and Government College Lahore a history professor, but Iqbal considered advocacy appropriate for him and apologized to both institutions. However, at the request and insistence of the Punjab government, he started teaching philosophy temporarily at Government College, Lahore from May 10, 1910, but at the same time continued to practice law. As time went on, the engagements increased. Relationships were established with many institutions and associations. The period from his return from Europe to 1914 is the period of formation and fulfillment of Iqbal's basic thought.
World War I had begun in Europe. Its effects were also felt in India. The attitude of the British government became tougher and tougher which continued even after the end of the war. Movements against the British government had gained momentum.
On 13April 1919, a protest rally was held at Jalliannwala Bagh in Ammritsar. The infamous "General Dyer" surrounded the crowd, opened fire to killing hundreds. the threat of the accident reached his heart. Muslim political parties in the subcontinent were deeply divided. His own melody was being sung. The issue for the future of the Muslims had been practically forgotten. Disappointed, Quaid-e-Azam had gone to London, all this was left to Iqbal to see and grieve, but nature accepted the betterment of Muslims, at the insistence of Iqbal and other devotees, Quaid-e-Azam returned to India and on March 4, 1934, the Muslim League Elected president of The body of the League came to life and the days of the Muslims of the subcontinent began.
On May 6, 1936, Hazrat Quaid-e-Azam visited <Javed Manzil> to meet Iqbal and, He invited Iqbal to become a member of the "Central Parliamentary Board" of the Muslim League, which Iqbal gladly accepted despite his serious illness.
IQBAL was re-elected president of the Punjab Muslim League.
With teachings and the tireless efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, and Iqbal, the Pakistan Became a New Country for Muslims. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, on April 21, 1938, Safar Al-Musafar, he visited Khaliq Haqiqi at his home in Javed Manzil due to a long illness and was buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
He passed his MA examination in March 1899 and came first in the whole of Punjab. During this time, poetry continued to flow, but did not go to poetry. One evening in November 1899, some sincere classmates dragged him to the house of Hakim Aminuddin for a poetry recital. There was also a crowd of listeners. After completing his MA, Iqbal was appointed McLeod Arabic Reader at Oriental College on May 13, 1899. In the same year, Arnold also became the acting principal of the college. Iqbal stayed at "Oriental College" for about 4years. However, in between, he took a six-month leave and studied English at Government College. He wanted to go to Canada or the United States for higher education, but at Arnold's request he chose England and Germany for that purpose. When Arnold returned to England in 1905, Iqbal felt his distance was immense. The heart said to fly to England. During his four-year teaching career at Oriental College, Iqbal summarized and translated Stubbs' "Early Pleasants" and Walker's "Political Economy" into Urdu. He wrote a short book in Urdu called "Economics" which was published in 1904. This is one of the first books on its subject in Urdu. After completing his tenure as an Arabic reader at Oriental College, he was appointed Assistant Professor of English at Iqbal Government College in 1903. Later he went into the field of philosophy. He continued teaching there until on October 1, 1905, he took a three-year leave to go to Europe. On December 25, 1905, Allama Iqbal went to England for higher studies and enrolled at Cambridge University Trinity College. Since he was hired as a research scholar in college, he was not required to stay in a hostel like normal students. Arranged accommodation outside the college. Just over a month after coming here, Lincoln joined the bar for barrister. And guidance from distinguished teachers such as Professor Brown. He later moved to Germany, where he earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Munich. Iqbal came to Lahore in August 1908. A month and a half later, the Chief Court started practicing law in Punjab. A few days had passed in this profession that M. A. O College Aligarh offered a professor of philosophy and Government College Lahore a history professor, but Iqbal considered advocacy appropriate for him and apologized to both institutions. However, at the request and insistence of the Punjab government, he started teaching philosophy temporarily at Government College, Lahore from May 10, 1910, but at the same time continued to practice law. As time went on, the engagements increased. Relationships were established with many institutions and associations. The period from his return from Europe to 1914 is the period of formation and fulfillment of Iqbal's basic thought. World War I had begun in Europe. Its effects were also felt in India. The attitude of the British government became tougher and tougher which continued even after the end of the war. Movements against the British government had gained momentum. On 13April 1919, a protest rally was held at Jalliannwala Bagh in Ammritsar. The infamous "General Dyer" surrounded the crowd, opened fire to killing hundreds. the threat of the accident reached his heart. Muslim political parties in the subcontinent were deeply divided. His own melody was being sung. The issue for the future of the Muslims had been practically forgotten. Disappointed, Quaid-e-Azam had gone to London, all this was left to Iqbal to see and grieve, but nature accepted the betterment of Muslims, at the insistence of Iqbal and other devotees, Quaid-e-Azam returned to India and on March 4, 1934, the Muslim League Elected president of The body of the League came to life and the days of the Muslims of the subcontinent began. On May 6, 1936, Hazrat Quaid-e-Azam visited to meet Iqbal and, He invited Iqbal to become a member of the "Central Parliamentary Board" of the Muslim League, which Iqbal gladly accepted despite his serious illness. IQBAL was re-elected president of the Punjab Muslim League. With teachings and the tireless efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, and Iqbal, the Pakistan Became a New Country for Muslims. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, on April 21, 1938, Safar Al-Musafar, he visited Khaliq Haqiqi at his home in Javed Manzil due to a long illness and was buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
Sheikh Noor Muhammad was a religious man. He considered religious education to be enough for his son. Most of the local ulema of Sialkot had friendly ceremonies. When Iqbal reached the age of BISMILLAH, he was taken to Maulana Ghulam Hassan> Maulana Abdul Ghulam Hassan used to teach in the mosque of Mohalla Shawala. From here, Iqbal's education began. discretionally, it started with the Holy Quran. For almost a year, a famous scholar of the city, Maulana Syed Mir Hassan, came here. he saw a child sitting and saw that the first shoe of greatness and happiness was shining from his face. Asked whose child it is. When "Mir" found out, he got up and walked towards Sheikh Noor Muhammad. The two were close acquaintances. Maulana urged not to confine his son to the only madrassa, Modern education is also very important for this. He wished that Iqbal should be given in his training. but when the insistence from the other side increased, Iqbal was handed over to Mir Hassan. His school was in Kocha Mir Hussamuddin near the house of Sheikh Noor Mohammad. from here Iqbal started studying Urdu, Persian, and Arabic literature. Three years have passed. Meanwhile, Syed Mir Hassan also started teaching at the Scotch Mission School. Iqbal also entered there but the old routine remained, Mir Hassan was a great teachers for whom there was only one purpose in life: reading and teaching. But this reading and teaching is not just the name of reading a book. In those good times, the teacher was the mentor. Mir Hassan used to do the same. He was aware of all Islamic sciences and had a good eye on modern sciences. "Mir" also specialized in literature, logic, linguistics and mathematics. When teaching students, he used to adopt literary colors so that knowledge would not be confined to memory but would become a way of feeling. There were thousands of Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Punjabi poems. If a poem had to be opened, twenty synonyms would be recited.
Maulana's teaching activities were very busy but he did not make up his study routine. He was also a memorizer and lover of the Qur'an. Among the students he was called Shah Sahib. He was extremely kind, simple, mature, humble and good-natured. It was a daily routine to go to the graveyard after Fajr prayers and recite Fatiha on the graves of loved ones and friends. When they finished, they would find the students waiting. The way back would be cut short by listening and giving lessons. This process continued even after reaching home, even after walking to school. The students stayed together. Taught in school all day. In the evening he would come home with the students, then the lesson would continue till night. He loved Iqbal very much. He himself was a sacrifice to the teacher. Most of the elements that seem to be the main driving force in the overall formation of Iqbal's personality are the charisma of Shah Sahib's companionship and education. Syed Mir Hassan was a great believer of Sir Syed. Under his influence, Iqbal's love for Sir Syed was created in his heart which remained till the end despite some differences. Mir Hassan's training gave this spirit a scientific and practical direction. Iqbal was also far ahead of his peers in understanding and intelligence. From childhood, he had the same enthusiasm and immersion that is found in adults. But they were not bookworms. When a person becomes addicted to books, he becomes a mere mental being. There is a gap between life and it. He was also fond of sports. They also joked like children. Iqbal's childhood was spent with a natural openness and sincerity. Nature bestowed on him a Sufi father and a learned teacher, which united his heart and mind, uniting their goals. This is what drives Iqbal's rare combination of feeling and thought. The facts which the father's heartfelt blessings had made clear in detail were also revealed in detail by the teacher's teaching. At the age of sixteen, Iqbal passed the matriculation examination. First division came and got medal and stipend.
Intermediate classes had also started at the Scotch Mission School, so Iqbal did not have to go anywhere else for the FA. Stay there. Thus, his suitability for poetry was evident from his childhood. Sometimes he used to adapt himself to poetry, but he was not serious about it, nor did he tell or protect anyone. Write and tear up and throw away. But now poetry was no longer just a hobby for them but a necessity of the soul. At that time, the whole subcontinent was resounding with the name of Dagh. Everyone was acknowledging his miraculous grasp of Urdu language in particular. Iqbal needed a grip. Student application sent in writing which was accepted. But this process of reform did not last long. Dag was a teacher. As many forms of Urdu poetry as there were in United India, the pen of the Dagh was at the forefront in their carving.
Iqbal matriculated on May 6, 1893 and in 1895 Iqbal did his FA and came to Lahore for further studies. Here he enrolled in BA class in Government College and started living in a hostel. Choose English, Philosophy and Arabic subjects for yourself. He studied English and Philosophy in Government College and went to Oriental College to study Arabic where Maulana Faizul Hassan Saharanpuri was such an unparalleled teacher. Until then, Oriental College Lahore was housed in a part of the Government College building and the two colleges continued to co-operate and collaborate on certain subjects.
In 1898, Iqbal passed BA and MA (Philosophy). Professor TW Arnold came here. Who went on to determine the final course of Iqbal's scholarly and intellectual life.
He passed his MA examination in March 1899 and came first in the whole of Punjab. During this time, poetry continued to flow, but did not go to poetry. One evening in November 1899, some sincere classmates dragged him to the house of Hakim Aminuddin for a poetry recital. There was also a crowd of listeners. After completing his MA, Iqbal was appointed McLeod Arabic Reader at Oriental College on May 13, 1899. In the same year, Arnold also became the acting principal of the college. Iqbal stayed at "Oriental College" for about 4years. However, in between, he took a six-month leave and studied English at Government College. He wanted to go to Canada or the United States for higher education, but at Arnold's request he chose England and Germany for that purpose. When Arnold returned to England in 1905, Iqbal felt his distance was immense. The heart said to fly to England. During his four-year teaching career at Oriental College, Iqbal summarized and translated Stubbs' "Early Pleasants" and Walker's "Political Economy" into Urdu. He wrote a short book in Urdu called "Economics" which was published in 1904. This is one of the first books on its subject in Urdu.
After completing his tenure as an Arabic reader at Oriental College, he was appointed Assistant Professor of English at Iqbal Government College in 1903. Later he went into the field of philosophy. He continued teaching there until on October 1, 1905, he took a three-year leave to go to Europe. On December 25, 1905, Allama Iqbal went to England for higher studies and enrolled at Cambridge University Trinity College. Since he was hired as a research scholar in college, he was not required to stay in a hostel like normal students. Arranged accommodation outside the college. Just over a month after coming here, Lincoln joined the bar for barrister. And guidance from distinguished teachers such as Professor Brown. He later moved to Germany, where he earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Munich. Iqbal came to Lahore in August 1908. A month and a half later, the Chief Court started practicing law in Punjab. A few days had passed in this profession that M. A. O College Aligarh offered a professor of philosophy and Government College Lahore a history professor, but Iqbal considered advocacy appropriate for him and apologized to both institutions. However, at the request and insistence of the Punjab government, he started teaching philosophy temporarily at Government College, Lahore from May 10, 1910, but at the same time continued to practice law. As time went on, the engagements increased. Relationships were established with many institutions and associations. The period from his return from Europe to 1914 is the period of formation and fulfillment of Iqbal's basic thought.
World War I had begun in Europe. Its effects were also felt in India. The attitude of the British government became tougher and tougher which continued even after the end of the war. Movements against the British government had gained momentum.
On 13April 1919, a protest rally was held at Jalliannwala Bagh in Ammritsar. The infamous "General Dyer" surrounded the crowd, opened fire to killing hundreds. the threat of the accident reached his heart. Muslim political parties in the subcontinent were deeply divided. His own melody was being sung. The issue for the future of the Muslims had been practically forgotten. Disappointed, Quaid-e-Azam had gone to London, all this was left to Iqbal to see and grieve, but nature accepted the betterment of Muslims, at the insistence of Iqbal and other devotees, Quaid-e-Azam returned to India and on March 4, 1934, the Muslim League Elected president of The body of the League came to life and the days of the Muslims of the subcontinent began.
On May 6, 1936, Hazrat Quaid-e-Azam visited <Javed Manzil> to meet Iqbal and, He invited Iqbal to become a member of the "Central Parliamentary Board" of the Muslim League, which Iqbal gladly accepted despite his serious illness.
IQBAL was re-elected president of the Punjab Muslim League.
With teachings and the tireless efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, and Iqbal, the Pakistan Became a New Country for Muslims. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, on April 21, 1938, Safar Al-Musafar, he visited Khaliq Haqiqi at his home in Javed Manzil due to a long illness and was buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
He passed his MA examination in March 1899 and came first in the whole of Punjab. During this time, poetry continued to flow, but did not go to poetry. One evening in November 1899, some sincere classmates dragged him to the house of Hakim Aminuddin for a poetry recital. There was also a crowd of listeners. After completing his MA, Iqbal was appointed McLeod Arabic Reader at Oriental College on May 13, 1899. In the same year, Arnold also became the acting principal of the college. Iqbal stayed at "Oriental College" for about 4years. However, in between, he took a six-month leave and studied English at Government College. He wanted to go to Canada or the United States for higher education, but at Arnold's request he chose England and Germany for that purpose. When Arnold returned to England in 1905, Iqbal felt his distance was immense. The heart said to fly to England. During his four-year teaching career at Oriental College, Iqbal summarized and translated Stubbs' "Early Pleasants" and Walker's "Political Economy" into Urdu. He wrote a short book in Urdu called "Economics" which was published in 1904. This is one of the first books on its subject in Urdu. After completing his tenure as an Arabic reader at Oriental College, he was appointed Assistant Professor of English at Iqbal Government College in 1903. Later he went into the field of philosophy. He continued teaching there until on October 1, 1905, he took a three-year leave to go to Europe. On December 25, 1905, Allama Iqbal went to England for higher studies and enrolled at Cambridge University Trinity College. Since he was hired as a research scholar in college, he was not required to stay in a hostel like normal students. Arranged accommodation outside the college. Just over a month after coming here, Lincoln joined the bar for barrister. And guidance from distinguished teachers such as Professor Brown. He later moved to Germany, where he earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Munich. Iqbal came to Lahore in August 1908. A month and a half later, the Chief Court started practicing law in Punjab. A few days had passed in this profession that M. A. O College Aligarh offered a professor of philosophy and Government College Lahore a history professor, but Iqbal considered advocacy appropriate for him and apologized to both institutions. However, at the request and insistence of the Punjab government, he started teaching philosophy temporarily at Government College, Lahore from May 10, 1910, but at the same time continued to practice law. As time went on, the engagements increased. Relationships were established with many institutions and associations. The period from his return from Europe to 1914 is the period of formation and fulfillment of Iqbal's basic thought. World War I had begun in Europe. Its effects were also felt in India. The attitude of the British government became tougher and tougher which continued even after the end of the war. Movements against the British government had gained momentum. On 13April 1919, a protest rally was held at Jalliannwala Bagh in Ammritsar. The infamous "General Dyer" surrounded the crowd, opened fire to killing hundreds. the threat of the accident reached his heart. Muslim political parties in the subcontinent were deeply divided. His own melody was being sung. The issue for the future of the Muslims had been practically forgotten. Disappointed, Quaid-e-Azam had gone to London, all this was left to Iqbal to see and grieve, but nature accepted the betterment of Muslims, at the insistence of Iqbal and other devotees, Quaid-e-Azam returned to India and on March 4, 1934, the Muslim League Elected president of The body of the League came to life and the days of the Muslims of the subcontinent began. On May 6, 1936, Hazrat Quaid-e-Azam visited to meet Iqbal and, He invited Iqbal to become a member of the "Central Parliamentary Board" of the Muslim League, which Iqbal gladly accepted despite his serious illness. IQBAL was re-elected president of the Punjab Muslim League. With teachings and the tireless efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, and Iqbal, the Pakistan Became a New Country for Muslims. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, on April 21, 1938, Safar Al-Musafar, he visited Khaliq Haqiqi at his home in Javed Manzil due to a long illness and was buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.